ID
1078515
Edo designations
English designations
Pendant Mask
Categories
Ceremonial Regalia
Location
1 Adesogbe (Plymouth) Road, P.M.B. 1115, Benin City , Edo State
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Pendant Mask
Pendant Mask

Iconographies

1 annotations
Ikharo
Forehead markings

Ikharo are linear keloid markings depicted on the forehead of Uhunmwu-Elao (commemorative heads) in groups of three or four above each eye. The exact meaning of Ikharo is debated; some have argued that they relate to the gender or tribal identification of the person on whom they are depicted. For example, has argued that they were worn only by men; however, their use in depictions is not consistent with this, and the Iy’Ọba are also shown wearing them. argued that they are instead a stylistic feature employed by artists that varied over time.

The naming of these markings differs between publications. For example, describe these markings as “agbaguda n'ehae”, which they write translates literally as “blades of the forehead”. However, later went on to call these “ikharo”, as used here. referred to these forehead markings as ikharo, meaning “tribal mark [of eye]”.

1 annotation
Ikharo

Provenance

6 events
Production
unknown to February 22, 1897 (day approximate)
The object was produced by Unknown member(s) of the Igun-Ẹrọnmwọn guild in Benin City.
Looted
February 22, 1897 (day approximate) to June 1899 (year approximate)
The object was looted by Unknown member of the British colonial military campaign on Benin - February 1897 from Benin Kingdom.
Unknown
1903 (approximate)
The object is known to have come into contact with Heinz & Martha Callsen.
Bequest
1944
The object was bequeathed by Heinz & Martha Callsen to the Ethnologisches Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin with its destination in Berlin.
Restitution
August 25, 2022
The object was restituted by the Ethnologisches Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin to the Omo n'Oba n'Edo Uku Akpolokpolo, Ọba of Benin & National Commission for Museums and Monuments, Nigeria through Hermann Parzinger and Abba Isa Tijani from Berlin to Nigeria.
Restitution
August 25, 2022
The object was restituted by the Ethnologisches Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin to the Omo n'Oba n'Edo Uku Akpolokpolo, Ọba of Benin & National Commission for Museums and Monuments, Nigeria through Hermann Parzinger and Abba Isa Tijani from Berlin to Nigeria.

Institution data

Ethnologisches Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin
The data was transferred directly by the institution.
Last updated: 2021-06-14
Language: german
Institution fieldValue
ID
object id
1078515
Sachbegriff
designation
Katalogbegriff: Handmaske
Titel
designation
Objektref.
description
E 103/1944, Erwerbung: III/8/1944: III C 36727-36734, Ethnogr. (Westafrika), Schenkung Callsen - Schreiben des Rechtanwaltes Dr. jur. Paul Bauer, Baden-Baden: Nachlass von 11 Beninbronzen der Eheleute Callsen - Verlagerung der erworbenen Bronzen zum Schloß Schräbsdorf, Graf Ludwig Adam Stachwitz, 1944, Mart(h)a und Heinz Callsen (1903); III C 36728, Metallmaske
Texte Online
description
Online Beschreibung, [Benin_Königreich]
Material / Technik
material
Material: Bronze; Ausgabe: Bronze
Material / Technik // Alle
material
Bronze, Bronze
Maße
dimensions
14,50 x 10,50 x 4,50 cm
Objekttyp
object type
Allgemein
Sachbegr. Ausgabe
object type
Handmaske
Anzahl Teile
object count
1
Datierung
date made
19. Jh. oder 20. Jh.
Geogr. Bezüge
production place
Benin ( Königreich )
Geogr. Bezüge // Alle
production place
Benin
Beteiligte
prior source
Mart(h)a und Heinz Callsen (1903), Veräußerer
Beteiligte // (Name, Sortierung=kleinste)
prior source
Callsen, Mart(h)a und Heinz
Veräußerer
prior source
null
Erwerb. Notiz
provenance
Erwerbung von: Callsen, Mart(h)a und Heinz; Notiz: Rückführung Leipzig; Ausgabe: In Auftrag gegeben im Königreich Benin vor 1897 oder während des Interregnums nach 1897; möglicherweise geplündert im Zusammenhang mit der britischen Eroberung Benins, 1897; möglicherweise im Besitz von Mart(h) und Heinz Callsen ab 1903; Überführung an das Museum für Völkerkunde in Berlin, 1944.
Verw. Institution
department and institution
Ethnologisches Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin
Erwerb. Datum
accession date
1944
Besitzart
accession method
Erwerbungsart
accession method
Schenkung
Digital Assets
images
III C 36728 (2).jpg, Repro Digitalisat; III C 36728 (2) -A.jpg, Repro Digitalisat
Erwerb. Nr.
III/8/1944
Ident. Nr.
III C 36728 <2>
Ident. Nr. // (Sortiernr.)
0003 C 36728 <2>
Obj. Status
vorhanden
Sensitive Content

Digital Benin collates digital material from institutions, and some of this material is inherently colonial and contains words, terms and phrases that are inaccurate, derogatory and harmful towards African and African diasporic communities. Catalogue transcriptions, book titles, exhibition titles and museum titles may contain harmful terms. We recognise the potential for the material to cause physical and mental distress as well as evoke strong emotions. Owing to the scale of the collection’s data, a process to implement sensitive-content warnings in the displayed data is still incomplete. The material within the catalogue does not represent Digital Benin’s views. Digital Benin maintains a strong anti-colonial, anti-racist position and affirms its support for centring the humanity of historically marginalised and disenfranchised communities. Read more about the background of this statement here