ID
210878
Edo designations
English designations
Altar Tableau
Categories
Altar & Shrine Objects
Location
1 Adesogbe (Plymouth) Road, P.M.B. 1115, Benin City , Edo State
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Altar Tableau
Altar Tableau
Altar Tableau

Iconographies

2 annotations
Ikharo
Forehead markings

Ikharo are linear keloid markings depicted on the forehead of Uhunmwu-Elao (commemorative heads) in groups of three or four above each eye. The exact meaning of Ikharo is debated; some have argued that they relate to the gender or tribal identification of the person on whom they are depicted. For example, has argued that they were worn only by men; however, their use in depictions is not consistent with this, and the Iy’Ọba are also shown wearing them. argued that they are instead a stylistic feature employed by artists that varied over time.

The naming of these markings differs between publications. For example, describe these markings as “agbaguda n'ehae”, which they write translates literally as “blades of the forehead”. However, later went on to call these “ikharo”, as used here. referred to these forehead markings as ikharo, meaning “tribal mark [of eye]”.

1 annotation
Ikharo
Round Neck Bead
Ikele
Coral bead circlet

Ikele is a single stiff string or circlet of coral beads. It is worn by chiefs, such as senior chiefs who have been made Enigie (Inneh 2007, p.107), and is a sign of nobility and rank. The Ikele may only be worn once the Ọba has conferred a person with the right to wear the beads, and the Ikele must always be worn when appearing before the Ọba. According to Ekhaguosa Aisien (in Plankensteiner 2007, cat. nr. 301, p.512) when a chief is wearing the Ikele, they may not eat nor drink in public, and they “constitute an embassy of the Benin Palace wherever he might be.”

1 annotation
Ikele

Provenance

5 events
Production
unknown to February 22, 1897 (day approximate)
The object was produced by Unknown member(s) of the Igun-Ẹrọnmwọn guild in Benin City.
Looted
February 22, 1897 (day approximate) to June 1899 (year approximate)
The object was looted by Unknown member of the British colonial military campaign on Benin - February 1897 from Benin Kingdom.
Unknown
some day in March 1897 to September 10, 1898
The object is known to have come into contact with Eduard Schmidt.
Purchase
September 13, 1898 to December 31, 1898
The object was purchased by the Ethnologisches Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin from Eduard Schmidt with its destination in Berlin.
Restitution
August 25, 2022
The object was restituted by the Ethnologisches Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin to the Omo n'Oba n'Edo Uku Akpolokpolo, Ọba of Benin & National Commission for Museums and Monuments, Nigeria through Hermann Parzinger and Abba Isa Tijani from Berlin to Nigeria.

Related archival documents

2 documents
See all
An archival document representing a Correspondence of 2 page(s)
Correspondence
Ethnologisches Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin
Die Erwerbung ethnologischer Gegenstände aus der Benin-Expedition. Vol. 2
Date
September 13, 1898
Museum Catalogue
Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
Die Altertümer von Benin
Date
January 1, 1919 at 12:00:00 AM

Institution data

Ethnologisches Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin
The data was transferred directly by the institution.
Last updated: 2021-06-14
Language: german
Institution fieldValue
ID
object id
210878
Sachbegriff
designation
Sachbegriff: Menschliche Plastiken; Sachbegriff: Figurengruppe (Plastik)
Titel
designation
Titel: Altargruppe mit Gefangenem
Objektref.
description
E 663/1898, Erwerbung: a.) I/131/1898 + b.) I/132/1898 + I/133/1898: a.) III C 8164-8182 + b.) III C 8183-8192 + c.) III C 8193-8218, a,b.) Bronzen c.) Bronzen u. Elefantenzahn (Benin), Consul Schmidt, 1898, Eduard Schmidt (1892); VIII A 10744, Positiv, SW, Plastik (Gruppe), Bronze, Kurt Grunst (*04.04.1921)
Texte Online
description
Online Beschreibung, Vom Aufbau ist diese Figurengruppe den königlichen Altarfiguren verwandt. Allerdings ist kein König dargestellt, sondern eine kniende Person, die von zwei Mitglieder der Ewua-Gilde – erkennbar an dem runden Hut mit dem Kreuz - und einem kleinen Portugiesen bewacht wird. Es könnte sich um eine Darstellung des von König Esigie besiegten und zur christlichen Taufe gezwungenen Attah von Idah handeln, der in einem legendären Feldzug zu Beginn des 16. Jahrhunderts geschlagen wurde. Die eiserne Kette, mit der der Kniende gehalten wird, der kleine Hund als Opfertier und die abgeschlagenen Köpfe verbinden diese Gruppe mit Ogun, dem Gott des Krieges und des Eisens. Der Bezug zu Esigie in dieser sicher erst im 18. oder 19. Jahrhundert gegossenen Figurengruppe ordnet sich in den Zusammenhang der Renaissance dieser mächtigen Könige der Frühzeit Benins durch die Könige des 18. Jahrhunderts ein. [Benin_Königreich]
Material / Technik
material
Material: Messing; Material: Eisen; Material (engl.): iron; Material (engl.): copper alloy; Technik: Guss; Technik (engl.): casting; Ausgabe: Messing; Eisen; Guss; Ausgabe (engl.): Brass; iron; copper alloy; casting
Material / Technik // Alle
material
Messing; Eisen; Guss, Brass; iron; copper alloy; casting, Messing, Eisen, iron, copper alloy, Guss, casting
Maße
dimensions
ca. 38,00 x 35,00 x 23,00 cm; 20,40 kg
Objekttyp
object type
Allgemein
Sachbegr. Ausgabe
object type
Plastik
Anzahl Teile
object count
1
Datierung
date made
18. Jh.-19. Jh.
Geogr. Bezüge
production place
Nigeria ( Land ); Benin ( Königreich )
Geogr. Bezüge // Alle
production place
Nigeria, Benin
Beteiligte
prior source
Eduard Schmidt (1892), Sammler
Beteiligte // (Name, Sortierung=kleinste)
prior source
Schmidt, Eduard
Veräußerer
prior source
null
Erwerb. Notiz
provenance
Notiz: Rückführung Wiesbaden; Ausgabe: 18. Jh. - 19. Jh., Auftragsarbeit der Igun Eronmwon oder Gilde der Messinggießer im Königreich Benin; vermutlich geplündert im Zusammenhang mit der britischen Eroberung von Benin, 1897; in unbekanntem Besitz nach der Eroberung des Königreichs Benin; gesammelt von Konsul Eduard Schmidt, Angestellter der Woermann Linie, zwischen 1897 und 1898 im Gebiet des späteren kolonialen Nigeria; verkauft an das Königliche Museum für Völkerkunde in Berlin, 1898.
Verw. Institution
department and institution
Ethnologisches Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin
Erwerb. Datum
accession date
1898
Besitzart
accession method
Erwerbungsart
accession method
Ankauf
Digital Assets
images
Vorlage; Vorlage; Vorlage; Vorlage; Vorlage; III C 8168 -A.jpg, Repro Digitalisat; III C 8168.jpg, Repro Digitalisat
Erwerb. Nr.
I/131/1898
Ident. Nr.
III C 8168
Ident. Nr. // (Sortiernr.)
0003 C 08168
Obj. Status
vorhanden
Sensitive Content

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